Following the battle, Allied forces landed in Morocco and Algeria as part of Operation Torch, and by May 1943 all Axis forces in North Africa had surrendered. Named for an Egyptian coastal town 65 miles west of Alexandria, it saw the British Eighth Army under Bernard Montgomery defeat the German Afrika Korps under Erwin Rommel, preventing the Nazis from capturing the Suez Canal and oil fields in the Middle East. Battle of El Alamein (October 1942 – November 1942): The Second Battle of El Alamein marked the turning point in the African campaign.In the final days of the battle, Hitler promoted Paulus to field marshal, a not-so-subtle suggestion that Paulus should either fight to the death or commit suicide, as no German field marshal had ever been captured Paulus surrendered anyway. The battle arose out of Germany’s summer campaign to capture vital oil supplies in the Caucasus Mountains, but Friedrich Paulus’s 6th Army became bogged down in intense street fighting in the city, allowing Soviet Marshal Georgy Zhukov to launch Operation Uranus, which encircled Paulus’s men by defeating the Italian, Hungarian, and Romanian forces guarding their flank. Battle of Stalingrad (August 1942 – February 1943): With about two million casualties, the Battle of Stalingrad is often cited as the bloodiest battle in history.Effective use of radar helped to repel German forces, forcing the Luftwaffe into nighttime raids against civilian targets, a campaign known as the Blitz. The primary German fighter plane was the Messerschmitt Bf 109, which engaged in numerous dogfights against British pilots flying Hurricane and Spitfire aircraft. Battle of Britain (July 1940 – October 1940): The Battle of Britain saw the British Royal Air Force (RAF) defeat the German air force, known as the Luftwaffe, effectively saving Britain from a proposed German amphibious invasion codenamed Operation Sea Lion.You Gotta Know These World War II Battles European Theater
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